The Emergency Department can evaluate and treat all types of emergencies, 24 hours a day, seven days-a-week. It is an Area Trauma Center for treating life- and limb-threatening injuries. Within the department is an Emergency Cardiac Care Center for rapidly diagnosing and treating suspected heart attack patients, and a Fast Trak for rapid treatment of minor illness and injuries. The Emergency Department's staff includes physicians, nurses and physician assistants who are trained and experienced in responding to emergent medical problems in patients of all ages.

In 1995, Good Samaritan was designated an Area Trauma Center by the State of New York. The Division of Trauma serves an area that extends from the Nassau County border to the west, to Long Island Expressway to the North and easterly to West Bay Shore and south to the bay. Approximately 80,000 injured adults and children per year are screened by the Emergency Department. Another 1,500 are admitted for observation in one of the specialty trauma-nursing units. Approximately 250 adults and children are severely injured and require the services of the hospital's multidisciplinary Trauma Team. The team is activated immediately to provide life and limb-saving treatment.